Compiled by the ENCLAI research team following a documented methodology · Editorial oversight: Dr Natalya Mathur, Founder · Data last updated: (UTC)

West Nile fever in Spain: 2026 cases and outbreak reports

Reported west nile fever surveillance for Spain (ESP) — ▼ Declining · 2025 — latest record 2026-10-20

What the 2026 data shows

As of 20 October 2026, Spain has reported 133 West Nile fever cases in 2026, compiled from figures published by Spain CNE-ISCIII and 2 other reporting authorities. The full year 2025 closed at 47 cases. 2025 closed 69% below 2024, which is why the trend reads “Declining”.

Of the 12 countries reporting west nile fever to ENCLAI in 2026, Spain accounts for 5.8% of reported cases and ranks 3 by case count.

ENCLAI has logged 35 surveillance records for west nile fever in Spain in 2026, with the most detailed reporting in Oct 2026 (25 records). 1 of those arrived in the last 30 days; the case counts run to 2026-10-20. 4 distinct surveillance sources reported this pair in 2026.

Reporting authorities for these counts: Spain CNE-ISCIII — RENAVE weekly bulletin (notifiable diseases; meningococcal, measles, rubella by community) · NaTHNaC / TravelHealthPro — outbreak surveillance · ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report

Key facts: West Nile fever

Transmission
Culex bite
Cx. pipiens and Cx. modestus in Europe; also transplant, transfusion, breast milk and one transplacental case. No person-to-person contact spread.WHO 2017 · ECDC 2023
Incubation
2–6 days
WHO: 3–14; up to 21 days in immunocompromised people.ECDC 2023 · WHO 2017
Vaccine
None for humans
Vaccines exist for horses; no specific treatment.WHO 2017 · ECDC 2023

Cited reference facts about the disease, not derived from the surveillance counts on this page. Full set on the West Nile fever page.

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Surveillance summary

2026 cases (YTD)
133
2025 cases (full year)
47
Baseline avg (3yr)
N/A
Trend (2025)
▼ Declining · 2025
-69% vs 2024

Reported cases by year, Spain

YearReported casesShare of worldwide reports
2023 not reported —
2024 152 38.7%
2025 47 2.2%
2026 (year to date) 133 5.8%

Reporting bounds and case definitions vary; historical baselines are a separate comparison measure. Worldwide share compares this country's reported figure with the sum of all countries reporting west nile fever to ENCLAI for that year. "Incomplete year" means our sources cover less than ten months of that year, so no full-year figure is shown; "outbreak total to date" is a running total since an outbreak began, not a count for one year.

Surveillance records logged in 2026

MonthRecordsReporting sources
Jul 202642
Aug 202653
Sep 202611
Oct 2026252

A record is one dated surveillance publication or one row of an official table; a month with many records is a month with detailed reporting, not necessarily more cases. 1 records were logged in the last 30 days.

West Nile fever in other countries, 2026

Country2026 casesTrend
United States 1,600
Greece 462
Italy 46 (outbreak total to date)
Romania 14 (outbreak total to date)
Ukraine 11 ▼ Declining · 2025

Other diseases reported in Spain, 2026

Disease2026 casesTrend
Herpes zoster 51,188 ▲ Rising · 2025
Campylobacteriosis 16,001 ▼ Declining · 2025
Chlamydia infection 14,648 ▼ Declining · 2025
Gonococcal infection 14,205 ▼ Declining · 2025
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis 6,001 ≈ Stable · 2025

Questions about this page

How many West Nile fever cases has Spain reported in 2026?
As of 20 October 2026, Spain has reported 133 West Nile fever cases in 2026, compiled from figures published by Spain CNE-ISCIII and 2 other reporting authorities. The full year 2025 closed at 47 cases. 2025 closed 69% below 2024, which is why the trend reads “Declining”.
Is West Nile fever rising or falling in Spain?
ENCLAI's trend reading for West Nile fever in Spain is “Declining · 2025”: the latest complete year is compared with the earlier baseline from the reported counts; the current year is not judged until it closes.
Where does Spain publish West Nile fever surveillance data?
The counts on this page were published by Spain CNE-ISCIII — RENAVE weekly bulletin (notifiable diseases; meningococcal, measles, rubella by community), NaTHNaC / TravelHealthPro — outbreak surveillance and ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report. ENCLAI compiles and normalises them and is not affiliated with these authorities.

About this data

Figures are reported case counts as published by the originating health authorities, compiled by ENCLAI from 444 verified surveillance sources. Spain figures reflect the reporting available to ENCLAI; reporting periods and case definitions differ between sources, and a missing report does not establish zero cases. ENCLAI holds west nile fever records for Spain dated from 2024. How we verify and update data: methodology & Trust Center · understanding case counts.

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The daily disease brief

One email a day: what changed in official disease reporting worldwide, with the source named for every number. Reported facts only — no forecasts and no interpretation.

Double opt-in — we send a confirmation link and nothing else until you click it. One-click unsubscribe on every email. See our privacy notice.